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音頻科普：自信的語調(diào)可以克服口音帶來的不信任感
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音頻科普：自信的語調(diào)可以克服口音帶來的不信任感
English as-a-first-language Canadian study subjects were less trusting of statements in English spoken with a foreign accent, unless the speaker sounded confident about their assertion.以英語為第一語言的加拿大研究對象不太信任帶有外國口音的英語陳述，除非表達者聽起來對自己的論斷充滿信心。
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撰文\播音：露西·黃（Lucy Huang）
翻譯：曹淼
審校：郭曉
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About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. But for more than 1.1 billion of them,?English is their second language—often with a noticeable accent.
全世界大約有15億人說英語。但對其中超過11億人來說，英語并非他們的母語，因而他們說英語時常帶有明顯的口音。
“Your accent really reveals a lot about who you are and your identity. It will tell people what your native language is, be able to tell you probably where you come from.” Marc Pell, a communications professor at McGill University in Montreal. And according to Pell,?one reaction to a different accent can be a bias?against that person. ?
“你的口音其實真的很大程度上反映了你是誰以及你的身份。它會告訴人們你的母語是什么，以及你可能來自什么地方。”蒙特利爾的麥吉爾大學傳播學教授馬克·佩爾如是說。佩爾還提到，對于不同口音的一種反應可能是對說話者的偏見。
“Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent. But the idea that we would have a bias against anyone who sort of doesn’t sound like us I think probably relates to some sort of evolutionary or long-standing suspicion we have of outsiders or strangers. So this might be sort of an ingrained response that we have to the accent.
“之前在其他地區(qū)做的研究表明，有口音的人更不容易被信任，只是因為他們說話有口音。但我認為，我們之所以會對一個說話聽起來與我們有所不同的人產(chǎn)生偏見，可能與我們對于陌生人和外來者的某種懷疑有關，而這種懷疑可能是在進化中產(chǎn)生的或者是長期就存在的。所以這可能是我們對口音的一種根深蒂固的反應。”
But accents aren’t the only thing we listen for when we have to decide if we trust another person. Tone of voice also plays a role. Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.
但是，口音并非決定是否信任他人的唯一因素。語調(diào)也在判斷中起了作用。佩爾和他的團隊想知道，人們是否會相信一個說話語調(diào)自信的人，即便他說話伴隨口音。
The researchers had Canadian English speakers listen to different versions of people saying neutral statements like “she has access to the building” while they were getting a brain scan in an MRI?machine. Subjects heard someone say it with a confident neutral tone with a Canadian English accent, an Australian accent or a French accent. Participants also heard the sentence with the three accents spoken in a doubtful or neutral tone.
研究人員讓說加拿大英語的人聽不同口音版本的中性語句，比如“她可以進入大樓”，同時通過核磁共振成像儀對他們進行腦部掃描。他們聽到的是語調(diào)自信而中立的話語，并且分別帶有加拿大口音、澳大利亞口音和法國口音。同時，參與者也會聽到帶有這三種口音，但語調(diào)懷疑或中立的句子。
The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the non-native accents. When the study participants heard the Australian or French accents, blood flow increased to the temporal lobe, part of the brain that we use to process sound.
核磁共振掃描顯示，參與者必須使用更多的腦力來決定他們是否可以相信那些非母語口音的陳述。當他們聽到澳大利亞口音或法國口音時，血流會涌向顳葉，即我們用來處理聲音的大腦部分。
“They seem to have to analyze that perhaps more intensively or, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker.”
“他們似乎不得不更仔細地分析，或者花更長時間來決定他們是否真的相信表述者。”
The work is in the journal?NeuroImage.?
這項研究發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)圖像》（NeuroImage）雜志上。
When asked, the participants reported not trusting either Australian or French accents—except for when the statements were said confidently. Seems that confidence speaks for itself.
而當實驗對象被詢問時，他們表示他們既不相信澳大利亞口音也不相信法國口音——除非是充滿自信的表達。似乎自信可以為自己代言。
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English as-a-first-language Canadian study subjects were less trusting of statements in English spoken with a foreign accent, unless the speaker sounded confident about their assertion.以英語為第一語言的加拿大研究對象不太信任帶有外國口音的英語陳述，除非表達者聽起來對自己的論斷充滿信心。
?
撰文\播音：露西·黃（Lucy Huang）
翻譯：曹淼
審校：郭曉
?
About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. But for more than 1.1 billion of them,?English is their second language—often with a noticeable accent.
全世界大約有15億人說英語。但對其中超過11億人來說，英語并非他們的母語，因而他們說英語時常帶有明顯的口音。
“Your accent really reveals a lot about who you are and your identity. It will tell people what your native language is, be able to tell you probably where you come from.” Marc Pell, a communications professor at McGill University in Montreal. And according to Pell,?one reaction to a different accent can be a bias?against that person. ?
“你的口音其實真的很大程度上反映了你是誰以及你的身份。它會告訴人們你的母語是什么，以及你可能來自什么地方。”蒙特利爾的麥吉爾大學傳播學教授馬克·佩爾如是說。佩爾還提到，對于不同口音的一種反應可能是對說話者的偏見。
“Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent. But the idea that we would have a bias against anyone who sort of doesn’t sound like us I think probably relates to some sort of evolutionary or long-standing suspicion we have of outsiders or strangers. So this might be sort of an ingrained response that we have to the accent.
“之前在其他地區(qū)做的研究表明，有口音的人更不容易被信任，只是因為他們說話有口音。但我認為，我們之所以會對一個說話聽起來與我們有所不同的人產(chǎn)生偏見，可能與我們對于陌生人和外來者的某種懷疑有關，而這種懷疑可能是在進化中產(chǎn)生的或者是長期就存在的。所以這可能是我們對口音的一種根深蒂固的反應。”
But accents aren’t the only thing we listen for when we have to decide if we trust another person. Tone of voice also plays a role. Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.
但是，口音并非決定是否信任他人的唯一因素。語調(diào)也在判斷中起了作用。佩爾和他的團隊想知道，人們是否會相信一個說話語調(diào)自信的人，即便他說話伴隨口音。
The researchers had Canadian English speakers listen to different versions of people saying neutral statements like “she has access to the building” while they were getting a brain scan in an MRI?machine. Subjects heard someone say it with a confident neutral tone with a Canadian English accent, an Australian accent or a French accent. Participants also heard the sentence with the three accents spoken in a doubtful or neutral tone.
研究人員讓說加拿大英語的人聽不同口音版本的中性語句，比如“她可以進入大樓”，同時通過核磁共振成像儀對他們進行腦部掃描。他們聽到的是語調(diào)自信而中立的話語，并且分別帶有加拿大口音、澳大利亞口音和法國口音。同時，參與者也會聽到帶有這三種口音，但語調(diào)懷疑或中立的句子。
The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the non-native accents. When the study participants heard the Australian or French accents, blood flow increased to the temporal lobe, part of the brain that we use to process sound.
核磁共振掃描顯示，參與者必須使用更多的腦力來決定他們是否可以相信那些非母語口音的陳述。當他們聽到澳大利亞口音或法國口音時，血流會涌向顳葉，即我們用來處理聲音的大腦部分。
“They seem to have to analyze that perhaps more intensively or, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker.”
“他們似乎不得不更仔細地分析，或者花更長時間來決定他們是否真的相信表述者。”
The work is in the journal?NeuroImage.?
這項研究發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)圖像》（NeuroImage）雜志上。
When asked, the participants reported not trusting either Australian or French accents—except for when the statements were said confidently. Seems that confidence speaks for itself.
而當實驗對象被詢問時，他們表示他們既不相信澳大利亞口音也不相信法國口音——除非是充滿自信的表達。似乎自信可以為自己代言。
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