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音頻科普：諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)強(qiáng)調(diào)氣候行動的必要性
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音頻科普：諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)強(qiáng)調(diào)氣候行動的必要性
?翻譯：曹淼審校：郭曉
William Nordhaus shared the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis,” with Paul Romer, "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."
威廉?諾德豪斯與保羅?羅默共同分享了2018年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他們的獲獎(jiǎng)理由分別為：“將氣候變化納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”和“將技術(shù)創(chuàng)新納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。
“The first thing is that?people have to come to grips with the difficulties we face. I think the scientists have and many of the people have, but the governments have to.”
“首先，人們必須正視我們面臨的困難。我認(rèn)為科學(xué)家和許多人都面臨著困難，但政府必須著手解決。”
Yale University’s William Nordhaus, who on October 8th shared?the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis.” He?spoke by phone?to a representative of the Nobel Prizes.
10月8日，2018年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的一半被授予耶魯大學(xué)的威廉·諾德豪斯，以表彰其“將氣候變化納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。他在電話中與諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的一位代表如是說道。
“And then the second thing that’s most important is that we take some kind of economic steps—I have advocated for many years a carbon tax as a way of implementing policies. And then the third thing is we’ll have to have a significant technological transformation. Of course, those first two would help the third. But those three have to go together. You can’t do it without public support. But you can’t do it without some kind of economic signals, in the form of a carbon tax. And then all of those will help induce the technological changes that are necessary to make a transition to a low-carbon world.”
“第二件最重要的事情，是我們采取某些經(jīng)濟(jì)措施——我多年來一直主張用征收碳排放稅來實(shí)施政策。第三件事是我們必須進(jìn)行重大的技術(shù)變革。當(dāng)然，前兩個(gè)能幫助第三個(gè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。但這三者必須同時(shí)進(jìn)行。公眾的支持是必備條件。但同時(shí)，如果沒有某種經(jīng)濟(jì)信號，比如碳排放稅，你依然無法做到這一點(diǎn)。所有這些都將有助于引導(dǎo)技術(shù)變革，這對于向低碳世界轉(zhuǎn)型是必要的。”諾德豪斯說道。
Nordhaus shared the prize with Paul Romer of New York University, for his work “integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."
諾德豪斯與紐約大學(xué)的保羅·羅默分享了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，后者的獲獎(jiǎng)理由為：“將技術(shù)創(chuàng)新融入長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。
Nordhaus continued: “The most recent work I’ve done is studying actual trends in abatement and in policies, suggests we’re doing much less than what needs to be to reach any of the targets, whether it’s a 1.5-degree or 2-degree or even a 3-degree target. I think the policies are lagging very very far, miles, miles, miles behind the science and what needs to be done…but it’s not too late. But the steps we have to take are more difficult now than if we’d started earlier.”
諾德豪斯接著說：“我最近做的工作是研究減排和政策方面的實(shí)際趨勢，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所做的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于實(shí)現(xiàn)任何目標(biāo)所需的，無論是1.5級還是2級，或者甚至3級目標(biāo)。我認(rèn)為這些政策遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于科學(xué)，也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能支持我們需要做的事情，不過現(xiàn)在還不算太晚，只是相比早點(diǎn)開始行動，我們現(xiàn)在必須采取更艱難的措施。”
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?翻譯：曹淼審校：郭曉
William Nordhaus shared the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis,” with Paul Romer, "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."
威廉?諾德豪斯與保羅?羅默共同分享了2018年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他們的獲獎(jiǎng)理由分別為：“將氣候變化納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”和“將技術(shù)創(chuàng)新納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。
“The first thing is that?people have to come to grips with the difficulties we face. I think the scientists have and many of the people have, but the governments have to.”
“首先，人們必須正視我們面臨的困難。我認(rèn)為科學(xué)家和許多人都面臨著困難，但政府必須著手解決。”
Yale University’s William Nordhaus, who on October 8th shared?the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis.” He?spoke by phone?to a representative of the Nobel Prizes.
10月8日，2018年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的一半被授予耶魯大學(xué)的威廉·諾德豪斯，以表彰其“將氣候變化納入了長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。他在電話中與諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的一位代表如是說道。
“And then the second thing that’s most important is that we take some kind of economic steps—I have advocated for many years a carbon tax as a way of implementing policies. And then the third thing is we’ll have to have a significant technological transformation. Of course, those first two would help the third. But those three have to go together. You can’t do it without public support. But you can’t do it without some kind of economic signals, in the form of a carbon tax. And then all of those will help induce the technological changes that are necessary to make a transition to a low-carbon world.”
“第二件最重要的事情，是我們采取某些經(jīng)濟(jì)措施——我多年來一直主張用征收碳排放稅來實(shí)施政策。第三件事是我們必須進(jìn)行重大的技術(shù)變革。當(dāng)然，前兩個(gè)能幫助第三個(gè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。但這三者必須同時(shí)進(jìn)行。公眾的支持是必備條件。但同時(shí)，如果沒有某種經(jīng)濟(jì)信號，比如碳排放稅，你依然無法做到這一點(diǎn)。所有這些都將有助于引導(dǎo)技術(shù)變革，這對于向低碳世界轉(zhuǎn)型是必要的。”諾德豪斯說道。
Nordhaus shared the prize with Paul Romer of New York University, for his work “integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis."
諾德豪斯與紐約大學(xué)的保羅·羅默分享了諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，后者的獲獎(jiǎng)理由為：“將技術(shù)創(chuàng)新融入長期宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析”。
Nordhaus continued: “The most recent work I’ve done is studying actual trends in abatement and in policies, suggests we’re doing much less than what needs to be to reach any of the targets, whether it’s a 1.5-degree or 2-degree or even a 3-degree target. I think the policies are lagging very very far, miles, miles, miles behind the science and what needs to be done…but it’s not too late. But the steps we have to take are more difficult now than if we’d started earlier.”
諾德豪斯接著說：“我最近做的工作是研究減排和政策方面的實(shí)際趨勢，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所做的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于實(shí)現(xiàn)任何目標(biāo)所需的，無論是1.5級還是2級，或者甚至3級目標(biāo)。我認(rèn)為這些政策遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于科學(xué)，也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能支持我們需要做的事情，不過現(xiàn)在還不算太晚，只是相比早點(diǎn)開始行動，我們現(xiàn)在必須采取更艱難的措施。”
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